:root{--ink:#121416;--muted:#666b70;--line:#dfe2e4;--paper:#f7f7f5;--white:#fff;--accent:#cf552f}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:1.5}
a{color:inherit}.wrap{max-width:1160px;margin:auto;padding:0 34px}
.nav{min-height:80px;padding:0 34px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:rgba(247,247,245,.97);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}
.brand-with-photo{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;font-size:17px;white-space:nowrap}
.nav-headshot{width:50px;height:50px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:1px solid #c7cbcc}
.nav nav{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end}.nav nav a{text-decoration:none;font-size:14px}.pill{border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:9px 15px;border-radius:99px}
.hero{padding:92px 0 76px}.hero .role{font-size:19px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:16px}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(50px,6.2vw,76px);letter-spacing:-.055em;line-height:.94;margin:0;max-width:920px}
.hero .sub{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:23px}
.hero .lede{font-size:21px;color:var(--muted);max-width:790px;margin:25px 0 0}
.metrics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.metric{padding:28px 0}.metric strong{display:block;font-size:30px;line-height:1}.metric span{display:block;font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}
.section{padding:76px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.section h2{font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,54px);letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:1;margin:0 0 30px}
.work-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px}.work-card{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;text-decoration:none}.work-card .thumb{min-height:250px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#b8bfc0,#6e7779)}.work-card .text{padding:26px}
.company{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:800}.work-card h3{font-size:26px;line-height:1.08;margin:10px 0}.work-card p{margin:0;color:var(--muted)}
.cap-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:16px 34px}.cap{font-size:18px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.personal-copy .big{font-size:22px;color:#383c3e;max-width:900px}.personal-copy p{color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;max-width:900px}
.personal-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:38px}.personal-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}.personal-media{min-height:280px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#b7bec0,#71797b)}.personal-card .body{padding:26px}.personal-card .eyebrow{font-size:14px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--accent);font-weight:800}.personal-card h3{font-size:27px;margin:8px 0}.personal-card p{color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.contact{padding:88px 0}.contact h2{font-size:clamp(38px,5vw,62px);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:0 0 20px;max-width:900px}.availability{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 26px}.button{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #aeb3b3;padding:13px 18px;border-radius:3px;background:#b7bbb8;font-weight:700}
footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:34px 0 50px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.case-hero{padding:90px 0 60px}.case-hero .company{font-size:15px}.case-hero h1{font-size:clamp(50px,6vw,78px);line-height:.95;letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:12px 0 0;max-width:940px}.case-meta{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.03em;margin-top:24px;color:#444}
.case-section{padding:68px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.case-section h2{font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,48px);letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:0 0 26px}
.case-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr;gap:38px;align-items:start}.case-copy p{font-size:18px;color:#4e5356;margin:0 0 16px}
.case-points{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px}.case-point{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px}.case-point h3{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 8px;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em}.case-point p{margin:0;color:#4f5558}
.case-visual{min-height:330px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;place-items:center;padding:30px;text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}
@media(max-width:900px){.wrap{padding:0 24px}.nav{padding:12px 20px}.work-grid,.personal-grid,.case-grid,.case-points,.cap-grid,.metrics{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero{padding:72px 0 58px}.case-hero{padding:70px 0 48px}}
@media(max-width:560px){.wrap{padding:0 18px}.nav{align-items:flex-start;padding:10px 16px}.brand-with-photo{font-size:14px}.nav-headshot{width:42px;height:42px}.nav nav{gap:10px}.nav nav a{font-size:12px}.hero .role{font-size:15px}.hero .sub{font-size:16px}.hero .lede{font-size:18px}.section{padding:58px 0}.availability{font-size:19px}}

/* v2.24 image/layout additions */
.work-card .thumb,
.personal-media{
  background:#e8e9e6 center/cover no-repeat;
}
.work-card .thumb img,
.personal-media img{
  width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block;
}
.work-card .thumb{height:250px;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}
.personal-media{height:280px;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}
.case-photo{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px}
.case-photo img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
.case-photo.contain img{max-height:430px;object-fit:contain}
.case-visual-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}
.case-visual-grid.two{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
.case-visual-grid .case-photo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.case-section.compact{padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:48px}
.wood-hero{padding:78px 0 48px}
.wood-hero h1{font-size:clamp(48px,6vw,76px);letter-spacing:-.05em;line-height:.95;margin:10px 0 18px}
.wood-hero p{font-size:18px;color:var(--muted);max-width:720px}
.wood-strip{
  display:flex;gap:18px;overflow-x:auto;padding:0 0 16px;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;
  scrollbar-width:thin
}
.wood-strip figure{
  flex:0 0 min(420px,82vw);margin:0;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);
  scroll-snap-align:start;padding:12px
}
.wood-strip img{width:100%;height:320px;object-fit:contain;display:block;background:#fff}
.wood-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}
.wood-grid figure{margin:0;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px}
.wood-grid img{width:100%;height:260px;object-fit:contain;display:block}
.wood-note{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:14px}
@media(max-width:900px){
  .case-visual-grid,.case-visual-grid.two,.wood-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .work-card .thumb{height:300px}
}

/* v2.25 woodworking */
.wood-featured{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr 1fr;gap:18px;align-items:stretch}
.wood-featured figure,.wood-strip figure,.wood-grid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px}
.wood-featured img{width:100%;height:390px;object-fit:cover;display:block}
.wood-featured figure:first-child img{height:390px}
.wood-section-label{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:12px}
.wood-strip{display:flex;gap:18px;overflow-x:auto;padding:2px 0 18px;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory}
.wood-strip figure{flex:0 0 min(330px,76vw);scroll-snap-align:start}
.wood-strip img{width:100%;height:270px;object-fit:cover;display:block}
.wood-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px}
.wood-grid img{width:100%;height:260px;object-fit:contain;display:block}
@media(max-width:900px){
 .wood-featured{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
 .wood-featured figure:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}
 .wood-featured img,.wood-featured figure:first-child img{height:340px}
 .wood-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
 .wood-featured,.wood-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .wood-featured figure:first-child{grid-column:auto}
 .wood-featured img,.wood-featured figure:first-child img{height:auto;max-height:none}
 .wood-strip img{height:240px}
}

/* index + patents review revision */
.brand-with-photo{gap:10px}
.brand-name{font-weight:850}
.brand-role{font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none}
.brand-location{font-weight:700;color:#5e6466;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none}
.hero-actions{display:flex;gap:12px;margin-top:28px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.patent-metric strong a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.metric span{font-size:14px}
.education-metric strong{font-size:22px;line-height:1.1}
.capabilities-section{background:#25292a;color:#fff}
.capabilities-section .cap{border-color:#4a5052;color:#fff}
.capabilities-section h2{color:#fff}
.capabilities-section .cap-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
.personal-copy .big,.personal-copy p{font-size:22px;line-height:1.55;color:#383c3e;max-width:900px}
.personal-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}
.contact .button + .button{margin-left:10px}
.patents-list{display:grid;gap:18px}
.patent-row{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 24px}
.patent-row h2{font-size:22px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:0}
.patent-row p{margin:0;color:#4f5558}
.patent-number{color:#3b6f92;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;font-weight:800}
@media(max-width:1100px){
 .brand-role,.brand-location{display:none}
}
@media(max-width:900px){
 .personal-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
 .contact .button + .button{margin-left:0;margin-top:10px}
}


/* v2.26 index + patents handoff refinements */
.section h2{font-size:clamp(38px,4.4vw,60px)}
.brand-with-photo{gap:13px}
.brand-name{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);font-weight:850}
.button-dark{background:#202425;border-color:#202425;color:#fff}
.button-accent{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:#fff}
.patent-metric strong{font-size:24px}
.patent-metric strong a{color:#3b6f92}
.personal-copy .big,.personal-copy p{font-size:22px;line-height:1.55;color:#383c3e;max-width:900px}
.patents-list{max-width:940px}
@media(max-width:900px){.section h2{font-size:clamp(36px,8vw,48px)}}


/* v2.27 index + patents review refinements */
.brand-name{font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--ink)}
.metrics{align-items:stretch}
.metric{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start}
.metric strong{min-height:33px}
.patent-metric strong{font-size:30px;color:var(--ink)}
.patent-metric span a{color:#3b6f92;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-transform:none}
.email-button{color:var(--accent)}
.patents-section{padding-top:28px}
.patents-list{max-width:none}
.patent-row{padding:32px 32px}
.patent-row h2{font-size:28px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;margin:0 0 12px}
.patent-row p{font-size:24px;line-height:1.45}
.patent-number{font-weight:400}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-hero{padding:44px 0 28px}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-hero h1{margin-top:0}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-meta{font-size:19px;margin-top:16px}
@media(max-width:900px){body:has(.patents-list) .case-hero{padding:38px 0 24px}.patent-row p{font-size:20px}}

/* v2.28 index + patents review refinements */
.brand-name{font-family:inherit;font-size:17px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--ink)}
.email-button{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:#fff}
.patent-row .patent-details{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:32px;align-items:start}
.patent-row .patent-description{min-width:0}
.patent-row .patent-number{justify-self:end;white-space:nowrap}
@media(max-width:900px){.patent-row .patent-details{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}.patent-row .patent-number{justify-self:start}}

/* v2.29 index + patents review refinements */
/* Balance professional and personal project-card body copy at one middle size. */
.work-card p,
.personal-copy .personal-card p{font-size:19px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}

/* Patents: slightly smaller description copy, matching patent-number typography,
   and a narrower right column so descriptions can run farther right before wrapping. */
body:has(.patents-list) .case-meta{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4}
.patent-row .patent-details{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 240px;gap:24px}
.patent-row .patent-description,
.patent-row .patent-number{font-size:21px;line-height:1.45;font-weight:400}

@media(max-width:900px){
  .patent-row .patent-details{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}
  .patent-row .patent-number{justify-self:start}
  .patent-row .patent-description,.patent-row .patent-number{font-size:19px}
  body:has(.patents-list) .case-meta{font-size:20px}
}

/* v2.30 index + patents review refinements */
/* Slightly larger top navigation and capabilities list. */
.nav nav a{font-size:15px}
.cap{font-size:19px}
/* Patent card titles one step smaller. */
.patent-row h2{font-size:26px}
@media(max-width:560px){.nav nav a{font-size:13px}}
/* v2.31: align all three homepage metrics */
.education-metric strong{font-size:30px;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap}
.education-metric span{font-size:14px;margin-top:8px;line-height:normal}

/* v2.32 homepage alignment refinements */
/* Keep all metric labels on the same baseline. */
.metrics .metric strong{font-size:30px;line-height:1;min-height:30px;margin:0}
.metrics .metric span{font-size:14px;line-height:1.2;margin-top:8px}
.education-metric strong{font-size:30px;line-height:1;min-height:30px;margin:0;white-space:nowrap}
.education-metric span{font-size:14px;line-height:1.2;margin-top:8px}

/* Align professional-work company labels, titles, and descriptions across cards. */
.work-card .text{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.work-card .company{min-height:42px}
.work-card h3{min-height:56px;margin:10px 0 12px}
.work-card p{margin:0}

@media(max-width:900px){
  .work-card .company,.work-card h3{min-height:0}
}


/* v2.33 cross-site header and case-study refinements */
.nav{min-height:82px}
.brand-with-photo{font-size:19px}
.brand-name,.brand-role,.brand-location{font-size:19px;font-weight:700}
.nav-headshot{width:54px;height:54px}
.nav nav a{font-size:16px}
#work,#capabilities,#personal,#contact{scroll-margin-top:96px}
.case-section{padding:54px 0}
.case-hero{padding:68px 0 44px}
.problem-list{margin:0;padding-left:24px;color:#353a3c;font-size:18px;font-weight:700}
.problem-list li{margin:6px 0}
.project-links{display:flex;gap:10px 18px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:24px;font-size:15px}
.project-links span{font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--muted);font-weight:800}
.project-links a{color:#2f6690;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.visual-points .case-point{padding:14px 14px 20px}
.visual-points .case-photo{border:0;padding:0;margin:-2px -2px 18px;min-height:220px}
.visual-points .case-photo img{max-height:230px}
.two-point-layout{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
.visual-pair{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}
.visual-pair img{width:100%;height:220px;object-fit:contain}
.section-label{font-size:16px;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;margin:0 0 8px}
.portfolio-visuals{margin:28px 0 20px}
.portfolio-visuals .case-photo{min-height:240px}
@media(max-width:1100px){.brand-role,.brand-location{display:none}}
@media(max-width:900px){.two-point-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.case-section{padding:46px 0}.case-hero{padding:56px 0 38px}}
@media(max-width:560px){.brand-with-photo,.brand-name{font-size:15px}.nav-headshot{width:46px;height:46px}.nav nav a{font-size:13px}}

/* v2.34 review refinements */
/* Patent titles use the same Arial/Helvetica family as the site header. */
.patent-row h2{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:800}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-meta{font-size:25px}

/* Personal-project labels on project pages. */
.case-hero .company{font-size:17px}
.wood-hero .company{font-size:17px}

/* Scoop portfolio-style overview. */
.scoop-overview{padding-top:38px;padding-bottom:46px}
.scoop-overview-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;gap:48px;align-items:start}
.scoop-overview-copy h2{font-size:24px;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin:0 0 10px}
.scoop-overview-copy h3{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;margin:24px 0 5px}
.scoop-overview-copy p{font-size:18px;color:#4e5356;margin:0;line-height:1.45}
.scoop-hero-photo{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden}
.scoop-hero-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.scoop-links{justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:12px}

/* Keep the three technical blocks aligned regardless of source-image proportions. */
.aligned-visual-points{align-items:stretch}
.aligned-visual-points .case-point{display:grid;grid-template-rows:230px auto 1fr;align-content:start}
.aligned-visual-points .case-photo{height:230px;min-height:230px;margin:-2px -2px 18px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.aligned-visual-points .case-photo img{width:100%;height:100%;max-height:none;object-fit:contain}
.aligned-visual-points h3{margin:0 0 8px}

@media(max-width:900px){
 .scoop-overview-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .aligned-visual-points .case-point{display:block}
 .aligned-visual-points .case-photo{height:auto;min-height:220px}
}


/* v2.35 case-study refinements */
#work,#capabilities,#personal,#contact{scroll-margin-top:82px}
.scoop-overview-grid{grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr;gap:42px;align-items:start}
.scoop-overview-copy h3{font-size:17px;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin:0 0 7px}
.scoop-overview-copy h3:not(:first-child){margin-top:22px}
.scoop-overview-copy p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.42}
.scoop-hero-photo{max-width:610px;margin-left:auto}
.scoop-links{max-width:610px;margin:10px 0 0 auto}
.cognex-portfolio-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.75fr) minmax(280px,.85fr);gap:42px;align-items:center;margin-top:30px}
.cognex-visual-board{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr .8fr;gap:12px;align-items:center;min-height:420px;background:#fff}
.cognex-visual-board img{width:100%;max-height:410px;object-fit:contain;display:block}
.cognex-copy-stack{display:grid;gap:30px;align-content:center}
.cognex-copy-stack h3{font-size:17px;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.035em;margin:0 0 6px}
.cognex-copy-stack p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.42;color:#4e5356;margin:0}
.alignment-board{grid-template-columns:1.35fr 1.25fr .7fr}
.cnc-why .case-grid{align-items:end;grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr}
.cnc-why .case-photo{max-width:560px;margin-left:auto}
.cnc-why .case-photo img{max-height:390px}
.cnc-why .case-copy{padding-bottom:18px}
@media(max-width:900px){
 #work,#capabilities,#personal,#contact{scroll-margin-top:82px}
 .cognex-portfolio-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .cognex-visual-board{min-height:0}
 .cnc-why .case-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .cnc-why .case-copy{padding-bottom:0}
}

/* v2.36 image, navigation, patent and portfolio-layout refinements */
/* Homepage previews: show the complete project image rather than cropping it. */
.work-card .thumb,.personal-media{background:#fff}
.work-card .thumb img,.personal-media img{object-fit:contain}
.preview-video{width:100%;height:100%;display:block;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}
.personal-card-static{cursor:default}

/* Explicit section-aware return links for project pages. */
.back-link{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:18px;color:#5b6164;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.04em}
.back-link:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

/* Click-to-enlarge images throughout project pages. */
.zoomable{cursor:zoom-in}
.lightbox{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;background:rgba(0,0,0,.88);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:34px}
.lightbox.open{display:flex}
.lightbox img{max-width:min(94vw,1800px);max-height:92vh;width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 8px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}
.lightbox-close{position:fixed;right:24px;top:16px;border:0;background:transparent;color:#fff;font:400 44px/1 Arial,sans-serif;cursor:pointer}

/* Woodworking: no cropping on plaques; let cornhole fill its cell more strongly. */
.wood-featured img,.wood-featured figure:first-child img{object-fit:contain;background:#fff}
.wood-grid figure:has(img[alt="Cornhole boards"]){padding:4px}
.wood-grid img[alt="Cornhole boards"]{height:276px;object-fit:contain}

/* Patents: compact enough to present as a single desktop page at common laptop/desktop heights. */
body:has(.patents-list) .case-hero{padding:28px 0 18px}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-hero h1{font-size:clamp(44px,5vw,64px)}
body:has(.patents-list) .case-meta{font-size:21px;margin-top:10px}
body:has(.patents-list) .back-link{margin-bottom:10px}
.patents-section{padding:18px 0 34px}
.patents-list{gap:12px}
.patent-row{padding:18px 24px}
.patent-row h2{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:7px}
.patent-row .patent-description,.patent-row .patent-number{font-size:18px;line-height:1.32}

/* Cognex: recreate the portfolio's large composite visual field at left. */
.cognex-portfolio-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.8fr) minmax(300px,.82fr);align-items:center}
.cognex-visual-board{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr .75fr;grid-template-rows:1fr;gap:10px;min-height:430px;align-items:center}
.cognex-visual-board img{width:100%;max-height:400px;object-fit:contain}
.alignment-board{grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr;align-items:center}
.alignment-board img:nth-child(1){grid-column:1/-1;max-height:190px}
.alignment-board img:nth-child(2){grid-column:2;grid-row:2;max-height:280px}
.alignment-board img:nth-child(3){grid-column:1;grid-row:2;max-height:250px}

/* Workstation motion asset. */
.workstation-video{padding:0;overflow:hidden}
.workstation-video video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:520px;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}

@media(max-width:900px){
 .lightbox{padding:18px}
 .patent-row{padding:16px 18px}
 .cognex-visual-board,.alignment-board{grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-rows:auto;min-height:0}
 .alignment-board img:nth-child(n){grid-column:auto;grid-row:auto;max-height:330px}
}

/* v2.37 navigation, image preview, CNC, workstation, woodworking and contact refinements */
/* Contact fills the viewport below the fixed header without feeling oversized. */
.contact{min-height:calc(100vh - 82px);box-sizing:border-box;padding:96px 0 150px}

/* CNC opening section: copy starts at top; larger image shifted slightly left. */
.cnc-why .case-grid{align-items:start;grid-template-columns:.78fr 1.22fr}
.cnc-why .case-copy{padding-bottom:0}
.cnc-why .case-photo{max-width:650px;margin-left:0;justify-self:start}
.cnc-why .case-photo img{max-height:440px}

/* Workstation: a little more breathing room above title and more room for motion visual. */
.workstation-concept{padding-top:68px}
.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.78fr 1.22fr;gap:34px}
.workstation-video{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff}
.workstation-video video{width:100%;max-height:590px;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}

/* Woodworking gallery balance. */
.wood-grid figure:has(img[alt="Cornhole boards"]){padding:0}
.wood-grid img[alt="Cornhole boards"]{height:320px;width:100%;object-fit:contain}

@media(max-width:900px){
 .contact{min-height:calc(100vh - 82px);padding:76px 0 120px}
 .cnc-why .case-grid,.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .cnc-why .case-photo{max-width:none}
}


/* v2.38 visual balance and external-link refinements */
/* Homepage work thumbnails: preserve full image while avoiding the slight top-edge clipping. */
.work-card .thumb{padding:8px 8px 4px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.work-card .thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;object-position:center center}

/* Scoop hero: middle ground between v2.36 and v2.37 and no visible white side rails. */
.scoop-hero-photo{max-width:560px;border:0;background:transparent;margin-left:auto}
.scoop-hero-photo img{width:100%;height:auto;background:transparent}

/* CNC: keep the machine farther to the right and never distort it. */
.cnc-why .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.82fr 1.18fr;gap:52px}
.cnc-why .case-photo{max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;justify-self:end}
.cnc-why .case-photo img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:420px;object-fit:contain}

/* Workstation video: smaller, with an even narrow frame around all four sides. */
.workstation-concept{padding-top:72px}
.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.86fr 1.14fr;gap:40px;align-items:start}
.workstation-video{padding:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;overflow:hidden;max-width:590px;margin-left:auto}
.workstation-video video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:500px;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}

/* Slightly enlarge only the center and right plaque tiles; lightbox behavior stays unchanged. */
.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2),.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3){padding:7px}
.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2) img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3) img{height:400px}

/* Contact is centered more naturally in the viewport, with a compact LinkedIn mark. */
.contact{min-height:calc(100vh - 82px);padding:72px 0 92px;display:flex;align-items:center}
.contact>.wrap{width:100%}
.linkedin-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-left:14px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;color:#4f5558;vertical-align:middle}
.linkedin-icon{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:4px;background:#0a66c2;color:#fff;font:bold 20px/1 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.04em}
.linkedin-link:hover span:last-child{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

@media(max-width:900px){
 .cnc-why .case-grid,.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .cnc-why .case-photo,.workstation-video{max-width:none;margin-left:0;justify-self:stretch}
 .contact{padding:68px 0 84px}
}
@media(max-width:560px){.linkedin-link{margin:12px 0 0 0}}

/* v2.39 refinement pass */
/* Give professional-work thumbnails a little more breathing room at the top. */
.work-card .thumb{padding:14px 8px 4px}

/* Personal-project intro: slightly more compact so the section fits a desktop viewport more naturally. */
#personal .personal-copy h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4.2vw,54px);margin-bottom:18px}
#personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){font-size:20px;line-height:1.48}
#personal .personal-grid{margin-top:28px}

/* CNC: larger reading text, image shifted back toward center, and moderate lightbox sizing is set per image. */
.cnc-why .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.82fr 1.18fr;gap:38px}
.cnc-why .case-photo{max-width:620px;margin-left:0;justify-self:start;transform:translateX(18px)}
.cnc-why .case-copy p,body:has(.cnc-why) .case-section .case-copy p{font-size:20px;line-height:1.55}

/* Workstation: match CNC paragraph scale; concept title begins with the video; compact even frame. */
.workstation-concept .case-copy p{font-size:20px;line-height:1.55}
.workstation-concept .case-copy h2{margin-top:10px}
.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr;gap:42px;align-items:start}
.workstation-video{padding:8px;max-width:535px;margin-left:auto;transform:translateX(8px)}
.workstation-video video{max-height:470px;background:#fff}

/* Make all three featured plaque images read at a similar scale on-page. */
.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2),.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3){padding:2px}
.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2) img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3) img{height:430px;width:100%;object-fit:contain}

@media(max-width:900px){
 .cnc-why .case-photo,.workstation-video{transform:none}
 #personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){font-size:19px}
}

/* v2.40 targeted visual corrections */
/* Personal intro: slightly smaller heading, tighter top spacing, and wider copy. */
#personal{padding-top:68px}
#personal .personal-copy h2{font-size:clamp(34px,3.9vw,50px);margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px}
#personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){max-width:1040px}

/* CNC: move opening image only slightly right from v2.39. */
.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(30px)}

/* Workstation: wider copy and tiny frame/position adjustment. */
.workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.94fr 1.06fr;gap:38px}
.workstation-video{padding:10px;max-width:545px;transform:translateX(0)}

/* Featured plaques: make center/right occupy the same visual scale as the left. */
.wood-featured{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}
.wood-featured figure,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2),.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3){padding:12px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.wood-featured img,.wood-featured figure:first-child img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2) img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3) img{width:100%;height:430px;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}
.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2) img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3) img{transform:scale(1.14)}

@media(max-width:900px){
 #personal{padding-top:58px}
 .cnc-why .case-photo,.workstation-video{transform:none}
 .wood-featured{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
 .wood-featured figure:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}
}
@media(max-width:560px){.wood-featured{grid-template-columns:1fr}.wood-featured figure:first-child{grid-column:auto}}

/* v2.41 targeted sizing corrections */
/* Personal copy: narrower column while preserving the intended five-line lead paragraph on desktop. */
#personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){max-width:900px}

/* CNC: split the difference between v2.39 and v2.40, and move the hero slightly right. */
.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(42px)}

/* Workstation: slightly more breathing room around the working video. */
.workstation-video{padding:13px}

/* Plaques: keep three separate cards with comfortable gutters; no scaling beyond each card. */
.wood-featured{gap:24px}
.wood-featured figure,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2),.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3){padding:16px;overflow:hidden}
.wood-featured img,.wood-featured figure:first-child img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(2) img,.wood-featured figure:nth-child(3) img{width:100%;height:410px;object-fit:contain;transform:none}

@media(max-width:900px){
 #personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){max-width:none}
 .cnc-why .case-photo{transform:none}
}


/* v2.42 targeted corrections */
/* Personal: nudge the section upward and widen copy just enough to hold the intended line count. */
#personal{padding-top:58px}
#personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){max-width:950px}

/* CNC opening image: small rightward nudge only. */
.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(54px)}

@media(max-width:900px){
 #personal{padding-top:52px}
 #personal .personal-copy .big,#personal .personal-copy>p:not(.big){max-width:none}
 .cnc-why .case-photo{transform:none}
}


/* v2.43 final positioning refinements */
.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(66px)}
@media(max-width:760px){.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:none}}

/* v2.44 fine tuning */
.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(78px)}
@media(max-width:760px){.cnc-why .case-photo{transform:none}}

/* v2.45 final requested refinements */
@media(min-width:761px){
  .cnc-why .case-photo{transform:translateX(96px) !important;}
}

/* Final staging media refinements — homepage only. */
.cnc-home-media img{transform:translateY(8px)}
@media(max-width:900px){.cnc-home-media img{transform:translateY(6px)}}

/* Final workstation video refinements — preserve video sizing. */
/* Homepage preview: lower the existing video slightly without resizing it. */
.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(8px)}
/* Workstation case study: remove the frame/border around the video container. */
.workstation-concept .workstation-video{border:0 !important}
@media(max-width:900px){.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(6px)}}

/* Final workstation spacing adjustment. */
/* Homepage: lower the existing video a little more without resizing it. */
.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(14px)}
/* Case study: video itself fills the container; no white padding/frame around it. */
.workstation-concept .workstation-video{padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;background:transparent !important}
.workstation-concept .workstation-video video{background:transparent !important}
@media(max-width:900px){.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(10px)}}

/* Final homepage workstation position: lower slightly more, sizing unchanged. */
.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(18px)}
@media(max-width:900px){.workstation-home-media .preview-video{transform:translateY(13px)}}

/* Mobile review: layout-only corrections. Desktop rules above remain unchanged. */
@media (max-width:600px){
  /* Two deliberately balanced navigation rows beside the brand. */
  .nav{gap:8px;padding:10px 12px;align-items:center}
  .brand-with-photo{gap:7px;flex:0 0 auto}
  .brand-name{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}
  .nav-headshot{width:39px;height:39px}
  .nav nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:3px;row-gap:7px;align-items:center;justify-items:center;flex:1;min-width:0}
  .nav nav a{font-size:10px;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1),.nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:span 3}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(n+3){grid-column:span 2}
  .nav nav .pill{padding:7px 9px}
  /* Keep the footer descriptor together without changing desktop typography. */
  footer{gap:8px;padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:24px}
  footer span:last-child{font-size:clamp(8px,2.25vw,11px);white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.02em}
  /* Cognex: keep the visual column next to its copy, but make it useful on a phone. */
  .cognex-portfolio-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,40%) minmax(0,60%);gap:10px;align-items:center}
  .cognex-visual-board,.alignment-board{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-rows:auto;gap:9px;min-height:0;min-width:0}
  .cognex-visual-board img,.alignment-board img:nth-child(n){grid-column:auto;grid-row:auto;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:180px;object-fit:contain}
  .cognex-copy-stack{min-width:0;gap:18px}
  .cognex-copy-stack h3{font-size:clamp(12px,3.1vw,16px);line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:.025em}
  .cognex-copy-stack p{font-size:clamp(12px,3.15vw,16px);line-height:1.45}
  /* CNC opening: give the copy enough room to read and retain a smaller image at right. */
  .cnc-why .case-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,57%) minmax(0,43%);gap:10px;align-items:start}
  .cnc-why .case-copy,.cnc-why .case-photo{min-width:0}
  .cnc-why .case-copy h2{font-size:clamp(22px,5.2vw,28px);white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.035em}
  .cnc-why .case-copy p{font-size:clamp(13px,3.35vw,16px);line-height:1.5}
  .cnc-why .case-photo{padding:5px;max-width:none;transform:none;justify-self:stretch}
  /* Workstation concept: prevent a desktop split from squeezing its paragraphs. */
  .workstation-concept .case-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px}
  .workstation-concept .case-copy p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.55}
  .workstation-concept .workstation-video{width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0;transform:none}
}

/* Mobile review round 2 — requested spacing and Cognex sizing refinements. */
@media (max-width:600px){
  /* Pull the two top navigation items toward the center while keeping row 2 balanced. */
  .nav nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:2px}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){grid-column:3 / span 4}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:7 / span 4}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(3){grid-column:1 / span 4}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(4){grid-column:5 / span 4}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(5){grid-column:9 / span 4}

  /* Workstation: remove the oversized blank band between hero and The Concept. */
  .workstation-concept{padding-top:28px !important}
  .workstation-concept .case-grid{margin-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important}

  /* Cognex: back the visual column down slightly from the first mobile pass. */
  .cognex-portfolio-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,36%) minmax(0,64%);gap:10px}
  .cognex-visual-board img,.alignment-board img:nth-child(n){max-height:165px}
}

/* Mobile review round 3 — stronger requested refinements. */
@media (max-width:600px){
  /* Bring Professional Work and Capabilities clearly closer together. */
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){grid-column:4 / span 3}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:7 / span 3}

  /* Collapse the hero-to-content whitespace on the workstation case study. */
  .case-hero + .workstation-concept,
  .workstation-concept{padding-top:10px !important;margin-top:0 !important}
  .workstation-concept .case-grid{gap:12px !important;margin-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important}
  .workstation-concept .case-copy{margin-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important}

  /* Cognex: visibly smaller than round 2 while retaining side-by-side copy. */
  .cognex-portfolio-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,31%) minmax(0,69%);gap:12px}
  .cognex-visual-board img,.alignment-board img:nth-child(n){max-height:145px}
}

/* Mobile review round 4 — precision sizing and Scoop overview restoration. */
@media (max-width:600px){
  /* Precision Optomechanics: slightly smaller visuals, more room for copy. */
  .cognex-portfolio-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,27%) minmax(0,73%);gap:12px}
  .cognex-visual-board img,.alignment-board img:nth-child(n){max-height:132px}

  /* Scoop: restore the mobile overview with centered hero first and Role & Scope copy below. */
  .scoop-overview-grid{display:flex !important;flex-direction:column !important;gap:20px !important}
  .scoop-hero-photo{order:1;width:100%;max-width:560px;margin:0 auto !important;justify-self:center}
  .scoop-overview-copy{order:2;width:100%}
}


/* Round 5 corrected — desktop Scoop is text left / image right; mobile stacks image first. */
@media(min-width:601px){
  .scoop-overview-grid{
    display:grid !important;
    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr) !important;
    gap:42px !important;
    align-items:start !important;
  }
  .scoop-overview-copy{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;width:auto;max-width:none}
  .scoop-overview-grid>div:has(.scoop-hero-photo){grid-column:2;grid-row:1;width:100%}
  .scoop-hero-photo{width:100%;max-width:560px;margin:0 0 0 auto !important}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
  .scoop-overview-grid{display:flex !important;flex-direction:column !important;gap:20px !important;align-items:stretch !important}
  .scoop-overview-grid>div:has(.scoop-hero-photo){order:1;width:100%}
  .scoop-overview-copy{order:2;width:100%;max-width:none}
  .scoop-hero-photo{width:100%;max-width:560px;margin:0 auto !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){grid-column:1 / span 5 !important;justify-self:start !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:8 / span 5 !important;justify-self:end !important}
}


/* Final Scoop sizing + mobile top-row nav spacing. */
@media(min-width:601px){
  /* Desktop only: image size stays fixed; narrow the copy to the marked line. */
  .scoop-hero-photo{max-width:480px !important;margin-left:auto !important}
  .scoop-overview-copy{max-width:440px !important}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
  /* Mobile only: keep the two top-row links close but visibly separated. */
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){grid-column:3 / span 4 !important;justify-self:end !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:7 / span 4 !important;justify-self:start !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){margin-right:5px !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){margin-left:5px !important}
}


/* Mobile top-row nav: place the first two links together as one centered pair. */
@media(max-width:600px){
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){
    grid-column:3 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:end !important;
    margin-right:2px !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){
    grid-column:7 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:start !important;
    margin-left:2px !important;
  }
}


/* Mobile header restored: two links on row 1, three links on row 2. */
@media(max-width:600px){
  .nav nav{
    display:grid !important;
    grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr)) !important;
    column-gap:2px !important;
    row-gap:7px !important;
    justify-items:center !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){grid-column:3 / span 4 !important;justify-self:end !important;margin-right:5px !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){grid-column:7 / span 4 !important;justify-self:start !important;margin-left:5px !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(3){grid-column:1 / span 4 !important;margin:0 !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(4){grid-column:5 / span 4 !important;margin:0 !important}
  .nav nav a:nth-child(5){grid-column:9 / span 4 !important;margin:0 !important}
}


/* Mobile header final: force exact 2-row placement without affecting desktop. */
@media(max-width:600px){
  .nav nav{
    display:grid !important;
    grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr)) !important;
    grid-template-rows:auto auto !important;
    column-gap:2px !important;
    row-gap:7px !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(1){
    grid-row:1 !important;
    grid-column:3 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:end !important;
    margin:0 5px 0 0 !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){
    grid-row:1 !important;
    grid-column:7 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:start !important;
    margin:0 0 0 5px !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(3){
    grid-row:2 !important;
    grid-column:1 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:center !important;
    margin:0 !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(4){
    grid-row:2 !important;
    grid-column:5 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:center !important;
    margin:0 !important;
  }
  .nav nav a:nth-child(5){
    grid-row:2 !important;
    grid-column:9 / span 4 !important;
    justify-self:center !important;
    margin:0 !important;
  }
}


/* Mobile header micro-adjustment: Capabilities only; preserve explicit grid placement. */
@media(max-width:600px){
  .nav nav a:nth-child(2){position:relative !important;left:8px !important}
}


/* Desktop only: Precision Optomechanics homepage image positioning. */
@media(min-width:601px){
  .work-card[href="projects/precision-optomechanics.html"] .thumb img{
    position:relative !important;
    left:-16px !important;
    top:8px !important;
  }
  .work-card[href="projects/precision-optomechanics.html"] h3{
    color:#111 !important;
  }
}


/* 2026-09-30: Desktop-only CNC Mechanical Structure image enlargement. */
@media(min-width:901px){
  .cnc-mechanical .case-grid{grid-template-columns:.84fr 1.16fr}
  .cnc-mechanical .case-visual-grid.two{gap:12px}
  .cnc-mechanical .case-photo{padding:5px}
}

/* 2026-09-30: Optically center cutting board and stool within desktop project cards. */
@media(min-width:901px){
  .wood-grid figure:nth-child(2) img,
  .wood-grid figure:nth-child(3) img{transform:translateY(18px)}
}